Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV)

FIV is shed in the saliva of infected cats, so the disease is spread through bite wounds. The disease is seen more often in un-neutered stray or feral male cats, since fighting is more common among these cats. Transmission can also occur from an infected mother to her kittens, either while in the womb or through ingestion of milk during nursing.

A simple blood test called ELISA is used to diagnose FIV, and this test can be done in most veterinary clinics or hospitals. However, cats can test positive for FIV on the ELISA test (because they are carrying antibodies to the virus), but not actually be carrying the virus, so cats should be retested with the Western Blot test.

Cats who test positive for FIV can show many different symptoms. They are more susceptible to a variety of infections of the skin, respiratory tract, urinary tract, eyes, ears and mouth. Sometimes these infections can be difficult to treat and can reoccur despite treatment. FIV-positive cats can also become anemic and can potentially develop certain types of cancer.

Although there is no specific treatment for FIV, infected cats can live long and healthy lives. It is important to keep these cats up-to-date on vaccinations, feed them a high-quality diet, and seek veterinary treatment at the first sign of illness. Since the disease is spread by bite wounds, you can safely keep an FIV-positive cat with FIV-negative cats if the cats get along well together. However, careful monitoring of the cats’ behavior and minimizing the likelihood of fights is recommended. Spaying and neutering of stray or feral cats will cut down on transmission in these cat populations.

If you have a cat with FIV, remember to work closely with your veterinarian regarding vaccinations and health care. There is currently a vaccine available for FIV, but you and your veterinarian should decide together whether or not to vaccinate your cats. Remember, too, that FIV-positive cats can live long, happy lives with the proper care.